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[Tekno Arkitect]

Designed by: None
Status: None
Contractors: None
Infrastructure Type: Lake/Water Reservoir
Construction Date: 1960's
Completion Date: N/A
Client: N/A
Length: N/A km
Area: N/A Acres
Location: Mangla, Punjab

Render: None
Description: N/A
Site Plan: N/A
Google Image: N/A
Website: None

[Waqar]

Mangla Dam

[Waqar]

The Mangla Dam (Urdu: منگلا بند) located in Mirpur District, is the twelfth largest dam in the world.[1] It was built from 1961 to 1967 with funding from the World Bank. The project was designed and supervised by Binnie & Partners of London, and it was built by Mangla Dam Contractors, a consortium of 8 U.S. construction firms, sponsored by Guy F. Atkinson Company of South San Francisco. Mangla Dam Contractors employed Pakistanis, Americans, British, Canadians, Germans, and Irish.

Historic development

As part of the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights to the waters of the Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters of the above three rivers within Pakistan and some monetary compensation, received the rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins through construction of the Indus Basin Project. Until 1967, the entire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the Indus and its major tributaries. The agricultural yield was very low for a number of reasons, the most important being a lack of water during critical growing periods. This problem stemmed from the seasonal variations in the river flow due to monsoons and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of surplus water during those periods of high river discharge. [3][4]

The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the irrigation system. The dam was damaged due to an Indian Air Force raid during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As a consequence, the hydro project was temporarily out of service.[


The Mangla Dam project

The Mangla Dam is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 67 miles (100 km) south-east of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad in Mirpur district of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The main structures of the dam include 4 embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a 1,000 MW power station.
Rear View of the Powerhouse at Mangla Dam

The main dam is 10,300 feet (3140 m) long and 454 feet (138 m) high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97.7 square miles (253 km²). Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1.13 million acre feet (1.39 km³), and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4.75 million acre feet (5.86 km³) from the actual design of 5.88 million acre feet (7.25 km³). The live capacity has declined to 4.58 million acre feet (5.65 km³) from 5.34 million acre feet (6.59 km³). This implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam.

The power station of mangla dam consists of 10 units each having capacity of 100 MW.

In order to remedy the storage capacity decreases, the Pakistani government has decided to raise the dam by 40 feet (12 m), to 494 feet (151 m) high. This will increase the reservoir capacity by 18% and provide an additional 644 MWh of power, but will displace 40,000 people currently living near the reservoir.

The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used for irrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its tributaries. Its secondary function was to generate electrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of the reservoir. The project was not designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from its use for irrigation and water supply. The Government of Pakistan had agreed to pay royalties to the Government of AJK(Azad Jamu and Kashmir) for the use of the water and electricity generated by the dam. Over 280 villages and the towns of Mirpur and Dadyal were submerged and over 110,000 people were displaced from the area as a result of the dam being built. Some of those affected by the dam were given work permits for Britain by the Government of Pakistan, and as a result, in many cities in the UK the majority of the 'Pakistani' community actually originated from the dadyal Mirpur area of Disputed region Jamuu Kashmir.

Mangla Dam is approx 67 miles (100 km) south-east of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad while Tarbela Dam is 60 miles (100 km) northwest.

[Waqar]

Lahore

The WAPDA chairman, Shakil Durrani, has said the department is focused on optimal utilization of water and hydropower resources in the country, to cope with the increasing demand of water and electricity.

According to a press release, addressing a delegation from Command & Staff College, Quetta, at the WAPDA House here on Thursday, Shakil Durrani said that the WPADA was constructing 13 mega projects, most of which were likely to be completed by the next year. The projects include: Mangla Dam Raising Project, Gomal Zam Dam, Satpara Dam, first phase of Kachhi, Rainee and Greater Thal Canals, Khan, Allai, Duber Khwar and Jinnah Hydropower Projects. He said international financial institutions had shown keen interest in financing various WAPDA projects, including Diamer-Basha Dam, because of their high economic internal rate of return (EIRR). The delegation was told that land acquisition for Diamer-Basha Dam Project would be started in May, while the construction of residential colonies and allied structures was expected to be initiated in July this year.

To a question, the chairman said that, in addition to developing storage capacity, effective water management was of immense importance to overcome shortage of water. Mangla Dam Raising Project general manager Rasheed Ali Khan Bangash, briefing the delegation on water sector projects, said that the WAPDA had also been assigned to construct 32 small and medium-sized dams in all the four provinces and the FATA in two phases, to help irrigate more than a million acres of land through high efficiency irrigation systems. At least 12 such dams would be completed in the first phase with a construction period of three years. PEPCO General Manager (Human Resources) Syed Azhar Iqbal briefed the delegation about short, medium and long-term measures taken by the government to overcome electricity crisis in the country.

The briefing was also attended by WAPDA Member (Finance) Chaudhry Abdul Qadeer, Member (Power) Muhammad Qasim Khan, Managing Director (Administration) Naveed Akram Cheema, WAPDA secretary Imtiaz Tajwar and other senior officers concerned.


http://www.thenews.c...l.asp?id=236668

[Zain Abbass]

All the pictures I am about to post are from...

http://www.facebook....ies/66524049374

 

 

A colony was setup for the workers....

 

Before the construction of the dam

[Zain Abbass]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[Zain Abbass]